Deskriptive Statistik 2
Statistik: Übungen
Wir verwenden wieder den Datensatz “Erstis”, den Luhmann (2020)1 für eine Kohorte Studierender im ersten Semester erhoben hat (vgl. letzte Übung). Laden Sie den Datensatz. Sie finden ihn hier zum Download (rechter Mausklick auf den Link → Link speichern unter….).
Falls Sie es brauchen, finden Sie hier das Codebook für den Datensatz.
1 Aufgabe
Ermitteln Sie das durchschnittliche Alter, in dem die Studierenden ihre Abiturprüfung abgelegt haben.
Diese Daten liegen nicht direkt vor. Wir müssen die Information erst erzeugen. Dazu verwenden wir das Jahr der Abiprüfung und das Geburtsjahr.
- Ziehen Sie das Geburtsjahr vom Abijahr ab. Verwenden Sie die Spalten des Datensatzes (Dollarzeichen!). Weisen Sie das Ergebnis der neuen Variablen
alter_abi
zu.
Machen wir uns zuerst klar, welche Werte wir im Ergebnis grob erwarten: Es sollten ganze Zahlen im zweistelligen Bereich sein. Da wir in beiden Spalten fehlende Werte haben, die mit “-9” codiert sind, können hier verschiedene (z. T. komische) Fälle auftreten:
- “gebjahr” fehlt, “abi” fehlt: 0 [=(-9)-(-9)]
- “gebjahr” fehlt, “abi” da: negative Werte
- “gebjahr” da, “abi” fehlt: viel zu große Werte
- “gebjahr” da, “abi” da: alles ok
Wir können diese Fallunterschedung in der Funktionreplace()
(die wir schon kennen) unterbringen. Neu ist hier, dass der Parameter, der angibt, was ersetzt werden soll, auch ein komplexer logischer Ausdruck sein kann. Logische Ausdrücke haben einen Wahrheitswert; sind also wahr oder falsch. Wir verwenden hier den folgenden Ausdruck:(alter_abi < 10) | (alter_abi > 100)
. Der senkrechte Strich|
steht für ein logisches ODER und bedeutet: Wenn der Ausdruck links vom Strich wahr ist und/oder der Ausdruck rechts vom Strich wahr ist, ist der gesamte Ausdruck wahr. Das heißt also, wennalter_abi < 10
und/oderalter_abi > 10
, dann soll der Wert durchNA
ersetzt werden.
Das Ergebnis wird sofort wieder der Variablenalter_abi
zugewiesen.
<- replace(alter_abi, (alter_abi < 10) | (alter_abi > 100) , NA) alter_abi
- Lassen Sie sich zur Kontrolle den Inhalt von
alter_abi
ausgeben. Das Ergebnis sollte so aussehen:
[1] 22 20 18 17 18 19 NA NA NA 20 19 20 20 20 20 NA NA 19 18 21 19 NA 18 20 13
[26] 15 20 20 20 20 20 18 20 NA 20 18 19 19 19 19 19 20 19 20 18 21 20 20 27 19
[51] 20 20 19 20 19 20 19 18 18 NA 20 20 20 NA NA 19 19 17 NA 20 20 20 NA 24 20
[76] 19 19 22 20 20 19 21 20 17 35 20 NA 20 20 20 NA NA 20 22 19 19 20 19 NA 19
[101] 19 NA 18 19 20 18 19 22 26 23 NA 20 18 20 19 20 29 20 NA 20 20 19 19 19 19
[126] 20 19 19 24 19 20 19 21 19 21 20 19 20 20 22 22 20 19 24 20 20 19 20 20 19
[151] 30 19 19 19 20 22 19 19 20 19 18 22 NA NA NA 19 19 19 19 18 18 19 18 24 19
[176] 18 21 19 20 30 19 18 24 19 19 20 20 NA 19 24 19
- Verwenden Sie die
table()
-Funktion aus der letzten Übung, um eine Übersicht der über die Verteilung des Abi-Alters zu bekommen.
- Wie viele fehlende Werte (also
NA
-Werte) gibt es?
Dazu verwenden wir die Funktionis.na()
, die TRUE zurückgibt, wenn das Argument einNA
ist. Hinter den Kulissen wird dieses TRUE als 1 behandelt (FALSE entsprechend als 0). Die Funktionsum()
bildet die Summe dieser Einsen.
sum(is.na(alter_abi))
[1] 23
- Wie viele nicht fehlende Werte gibt es?
Dazu verwenden wir wieder die Funktionis.na()
; diesmal in Kombination mit einem logischen NICHT:!
. Hier werden nun alle Fälle summiert, die nicht fehlende Werte sind.
sum(!is.na(alter_abi))
[1] 168
2 Anhang
2.1 Standardnormalverteilung
Achtung: Tabelle hat zwei Hälften – oben negative unten positive z-Werte
-.00 | -.01 | -.02 | -.03 | -.04 | -.05 | -.06 | -.07 | -.08 | -.09 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.5000 | 0.4960 | 0.4920 | 0.4880 | 0.4840 | 0.4801 | 0.4761 | 0.4721 | 0.4681 | 0.4641 |
-0.1 | 0.4602 | 0.4562 | 0.4522 | 0.4483 | 0.4443 | 0.4404 | 0.4364 | 0.4325 | 0.4286 | 0.4247 |
-0.2 | 0.4207 | 0.4168 | 0.4129 | 0.4090 | 0.4052 | 0.4013 | 0.3974 | 0.3936 | 0.3897 | 0.3859 |
-0.3 | 0.3821 | 0.3783 | 0.3745 | 0.3707 | 0.3669 | 0.3632 | 0.3594 | 0.3557 | 0.3520 | 0.3483 |
-0.4 | 0.3446 | 0.3409 | 0.3372 | 0.3336 | 0.3300 | 0.3264 | 0.3228 | 0.3192 | 0.3156 | 0.3121 |
-0.5 | 0.3085 | 0.3050 | 0.3015 | 0.2981 | 0.2946 | 0.2912 | 0.2877 | 0.2843 | 0.2810 | 0.2776 |
-0.6 | 0.2743 | 0.2709 | 0.2676 | 0.2643 | 0.2611 | 0.2578 | 0.2546 | 0.2514 | 0.2483 | 0.2451 |
-0.7 | 0.2420 | 0.2389 | 0.2358 | 0.2327 | 0.2296 | 0.2266 | 0.2236 | 0.2206 | 0.2177 | 0.2148 |
-0.8 | 0.2119 | 0.2090 | 0.2061 | 0.2033 | 0.2005 | 0.1977 | 0.1949 | 0.1922 | 0.1894 | 0.1867 |
-0.9 | 0.1841 | 0.1814 | 0.1788 | 0.1762 | 0.1736 | 0.1711 | 0.1685 | 0.1660 | 0.1635 | 0.1611 |
-1 | 0.1587 | 0.1562 | 0.1539 | 0.1515 | 0.1492 | 0.1469 | 0.1446 | 0.1423 | 0.1401 | 0.1379 |
-1.1 | 0.1357 | 0.1335 | 0.1314 | 0.1292 | 0.1271 | 0.1251 | 0.1230 | 0.1210 | 0.1190 | 0.1170 |
-1.2 | 0.1151 | 0.1131 | 0.1112 | 0.1093 | 0.1075 | 0.1056 | 0.1038 | 0.1020 | 0.1003 | 0.0985 |
-1.3 | 0.0968 | 0.0951 | 0.0934 | 0.0918 | 0.0901 | 0.0885 | 0.0869 | 0.0853 | 0.0838 | 0.0823 |
-1.4 | 0.0808 | 0.0793 | 0.0778 | 0.0764 | 0.0749 | 0.0735 | 0.0721 | 0.0708 | 0.0694 | 0.0681 |
-1.5 | 0.0668 | 0.0655 | 0.0643 | 0.0630 | 0.0618 | 0.0606 | 0.0594 | 0.0582 | 0.0571 | 0.0559 |
-1.6 | 0.0548 | 0.0537 | 0.0526 | 0.0516 | 0.0505 | 0.0495 | 0.0485 | 0.0475 | 0.0465 | 0.0455 |
-1.7 | 0.0446 | 0.0436 | 0.0427 | 0.0418 | 0.0409 | 0.0401 | 0.0392 | 0.0384 | 0.0375 | 0.0367 |
-1.8 | 0.0359 | 0.0351 | 0.0344 | 0.0336 | 0.0329 | 0.0322 | 0.0314 | 0.0307 | 0.0301 | 0.0294 |
-1.9 | 0.0287 | 0.0281 | 0.0274 | 0.0268 | 0.0262 | 0.0256 | 0.0250 | 0.0244 | 0.0239 | 0.0233 |
-2 | 0.0228 | 0.0222 | 0.0217 | 0.0212 | 0.0207 | 0.0202 | 0.0197 | 0.0192 | 0.0188 | 0.0183 |
-2.1 | 0.0179 | 0.0174 | 0.0170 | 0.0166 | 0.0162 | 0.0158 | 0.0154 | 0.0150 | 0.0146 | 0.0143 |
-2.2 | 0.0139 | 0.0136 | 0.0132 | 0.0129 | 0.0125 | 0.0122 | 0.0119 | 0.0116 | 0.0113 | 0.0110 |
-2.3 | 0.0107 | 0.0104 | 0.0102 | 0.0099 | 0.0096 | 0.0094 | 0.0091 | 0.0089 | 0.0087 | 0.0084 |
-2.4 | 0.0082 | 0.0080 | 0.0078 | 0.0075 | 0.0073 | 0.0071 | 0.0069 | 0.0068 | 0.0066 | 0.0064 |
-2.5 | 0.0062 | 0.0060 | 0.0059 | 0.0057 | 0.0055 | 0.0054 | 0.0052 | 0.0051 | 0.0049 | 0.0048 |
-2.6 | 0.0047 | 0.0045 | 0.0044 | 0.0043 | 0.0041 | 0.0040 | 0.0039 | 0.0038 | 0.0037 | 0.0036 |
-2.7 | 0.0035 | 0.0034 | 0.0033 | 0.0032 | 0.0031 | 0.0030 | 0.0029 | 0.0028 | 0.0027 | 0.0026 |
-2.8 | 0.0026 | 0.0025 | 0.0024 | 0.0023 | 0.0023 | 0.0022 | 0.0021 | 0.0021 | 0.0020 | 0.0019 |
-2.9 | 0.0019 | 0.0018 | 0.0018 | 0.0017 | 0.0016 | 0.0016 | 0.0015 | 0.0015 | 0.0014 | 0.0014 |
-3 | 0.0013 | 0.0013 | 0.0013 | 0.0012 | 0.0012 | 0.0011 | 0.0011 | 0.0011 | 0.0010 | 0.0010 |
.00 | .01 | .02 | .03 | .04 | .05 | .06 | .07 | .08 | .09 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.5000 | 0.5040 | 0.5080 | 0.5120 | 0.5160 | 0.5199 | 0.5239 | 0.5279 | 0.5319 | 0.5359 |
0.1 | 0.5398 | 0.5438 | 0.5478 | 0.5517 | 0.5557 | 0.5596 | 0.5636 | 0.5675 | 0.5714 | 0.5753 |
0.2 | 0.5793 | 0.5832 | 0.5871 | 0.5910 | 0.5948 | 0.5987 | 0.6026 | 0.6064 | 0.6103 | 0.6141 |
0.3 | 0.6179 | 0.6217 | 0.6255 | 0.6293 | 0.6331 | 0.6368 | 0.6406 | 0.6443 | 0.6480 | 0.6517 |
0.4 | 0.6554 | 0.6591 | 0.6628 | 0.6664 | 0.6700 | 0.6736 | 0.6772 | 0.6808 | 0.6844 | 0.6879 |
0.5 | 0.6915 | 0.6950 | 0.6985 | 0.7019 | 0.7054 | 0.7088 | 0.7123 | 0.7157 | 0.7190 | 0.7224 |
0.6 | 0.7257 | 0.7291 | 0.7324 | 0.7357 | 0.7389 | 0.7422 | 0.7454 | 0.7486 | 0.7517 | 0.7549 |
0.7 | 0.7580 | 0.7611 | 0.7642 | 0.7673 | 0.7704 | 0.7734 | 0.7764 | 0.7794 | 0.7823 | 0.7852 |
0.8 | 0.7881 | 0.7910 | 0.7939 | 0.7967 | 0.7995 | 0.8023 | 0.8051 | 0.8078 | 0.8106 | 0.8133 |
0.9 | 0.8159 | 0.8186 | 0.8212 | 0.8238 | 0.8264 | 0.8289 | 0.8315 | 0.8340 | 0.8365 | 0.8389 |
1 | 0.8413 | 0.8438 | 0.8461 | 0.8485 | 0.8508 | 0.8531 | 0.8554 | 0.8577 | 0.8599 | 0.8621 |
1.1 | 0.8643 | 0.8665 | 0.8686 | 0.8708 | 0.8729 | 0.8749 | 0.8770 | 0.8790 | 0.8810 | 0.8830 |
1.2 | 0.8849 | 0.8869 | 0.8888 | 0.8907 | 0.8925 | 0.8944 | 0.8962 | 0.8980 | 0.8997 | 0.9015 |
1.3 | 0.9032 | 0.9049 | 0.9066 | 0.9082 | 0.9099 | 0.9115 | 0.9131 | 0.9147 | 0.9162 | 0.9177 |
1.4 | 0.9192 | 0.9207 | 0.9222 | 0.9236 | 0.9251 | 0.9265 | 0.9279 | 0.9292 | 0.9306 | 0.9319 |
1.5 | 0.9332 | 0.9345 | 0.9357 | 0.9370 | 0.9382 | 0.9394 | 0.9406 | 0.9418 | 0.9429 | 0.9441 |
1.6 | 0.9452 | 0.9463 | 0.9474 | 0.9484 | 0.9495 | 0.9505 | 0.9515 | 0.9525 | 0.9535 | 0.9545 |
1.7 | 0.9554 | 0.9564 | 0.9573 | 0.9582 | 0.9591 | 0.9599 | 0.9608 | 0.9616 | 0.9625 | 0.9633 |
1.8 | 0.9641 | 0.9649 | 0.9656 | 0.9664 | 0.9671 | 0.9678 | 0.9686 | 0.9693 | 0.9699 | 0.9706 |
1.9 | 0.9713 | 0.9719 | 0.9726 | 0.9732 | 0.9738 | 0.9744 | 0.9750 | 0.9756 | 0.9761 | 0.9767 |
2 | 0.9772 | 0.9778 | 0.9783 | 0.9788 | 0.9793 | 0.9798 | 0.9803 | 0.9808 | 0.9812 | 0.9817 |
2.1 | 0.9821 | 0.9826 | 0.9830 | 0.9834 | 0.9838 | 0.9842 | 0.9846 | 0.9850 | 0.9854 | 0.9857 |
2.2 | 0.9861 | 0.9864 | 0.9868 | 0.9871 | 0.9875 | 0.9878 | 0.9881 | 0.9884 | 0.9887 | 0.9890 |
2.3 | 0.9893 | 0.9896 | 0.9898 | 0.9901 | 0.9904 | 0.9906 | 0.9909 | 0.9911 | 0.9913 | 0.9916 |
2.4 | 0.9918 | 0.9920 | 0.9922 | 0.9925 | 0.9927 | 0.9929 | 0.9931 | 0.9932 | 0.9934 | 0.9936 |
2.5 | 0.9938 | 0.9940 | 0.9941 | 0.9943 | 0.9945 | 0.9946 | 0.9948 | 0.9949 | 0.9951 | 0.9952 |
2.6 | 0.9953 | 0.9955 | 0.9956 | 0.9957 | 0.9959 | 0.9960 | 0.9961 | 0.9962 | 0.9963 | 0.9964 |
2.7 | 0.9965 | 0.9966 | 0.9967 | 0.9968 | 0.9969 | 0.9970 | 0.9971 | 0.9972 | 0.9973 | 0.9974 |
2.8 | 0.9974 | 0.9975 | 0.9976 | 0.9977 | 0.9977 | 0.9978 | 0.9979 | 0.9979 | 0.9980 | 0.9981 |
2.9 | 0.9981 | 0.9982 | 0.9982 | 0.9983 | 0.9984 | 0.9984 | 0.9985 | 0.9985 | 0.9986 | 0.9986 |
3 | 0.9987 | 0.9987 | 0.9987 | 0.9988 | 0.9988 | 0.9989 | 0.9989 | 0.9989 | 0.9990 | 0.9990 |
2.2 Kritische Werte der t-Verteilung
df | 0.01 | 0.025 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 0.90 | 0.95 | 0.975 | 0.99 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | -31.8205 | -12.7062 | -6.3138 | -3.0777 | -1.0000 | 0 | 1.0000 | 3.0777 | 6.3138 | 12.7062 | 31.8205 |
2 | -6.9646 | -4.3027 | -2.9200 | -1.8856 | -0.8165 | 0 | 0.8165 | 1.8856 | 2.9200 | 4.3027 | 6.9646 |
3 | -4.5407 | -3.1824 | -2.3534 | -1.6377 | -0.7649 | 0 | 0.7649 | 1.6377 | 2.3534 | 3.1824 | 4.5407 |
4 | -3.7469 | -2.7764 | -2.1318 | -1.5332 | -0.7407 | 0 | 0.7407 | 1.5332 | 2.1318 | 2.7764 | 3.7469 |
5 | -3.3649 | -2.5706 | -2.0150 | -1.4759 | -0.7267 | 0 | 0.7267 | 1.4759 | 2.0150 | 2.5706 | 3.3649 |
6 | -3.1427 | -2.4469 | -1.9432 | -1.4398 | -0.7176 | 0 | 0.7176 | 1.4398 | 1.9432 | 2.4469 | 3.1427 |
7 | -2.9980 | -2.3646 | -1.8946 | -1.4149 | -0.7111 | 0 | 0.7111 | 1.4149 | 1.8946 | 2.3646 | 2.9980 |
8 | -2.8965 | -2.3060 | -1.8595 | -1.3968 | -0.7064 | 0 | 0.7064 | 1.3968 | 1.8595 | 2.3060 | 2.8965 |
9 | -2.8214 | -2.2622 | -1.8331 | -1.3830 | -0.7027 | 0 | 0.7027 | 1.3830 | 1.8331 | 2.2622 | 2.8214 |
10 | -2.7638 | -2.2281 | -1.8125 | -1.3722 | -0.6998 | 0 | 0.6998 | 1.3722 | 1.8125 | 2.2281 | 2.7638 |
11 | -2.7181 | -2.2010 | -1.7959 | -1.3634 | -0.6974 | 0 | 0.6974 | 1.3634 | 1.7959 | 2.2010 | 2.7181 |
12 | -2.6810 | -2.1788 | -1.7823 | -1.3562 | -0.6955 | 0 | 0.6955 | 1.3562 | 1.7823 | 2.1788 | 2.6810 |
13 | -2.6503 | -2.1604 | -1.7709 | -1.3502 | -0.6938 | 0 | 0.6938 | 1.3502 | 1.7709 | 2.1604 | 2.6503 |
14 | -2.6245 | -2.1448 | -1.7613 | -1.3450 | -0.6924 | 0 | 0.6924 | 1.3450 | 1.7613 | 2.1448 | 2.6245 |
15 | -2.6025 | -2.1314 | -1.7531 | -1.3406 | -0.6912 | 0 | 0.6912 | 1.3406 | 1.7531 | 2.1314 | 2.6025 |
16 | -2.5835 | -2.1199 | -1.7459 | -1.3368 | -0.6901 | 0 | 0.6901 | 1.3368 | 1.7459 | 2.1199 | 2.5835 |
17 | -2.5669 | -2.1098 | -1.7396 | -1.3334 | -0.6892 | 0 | 0.6892 | 1.3334 | 1.7396 | 2.1098 | 2.5669 |
18 | -2.5524 | -2.1009 | -1.7341 | -1.3304 | -0.6884 | 0 | 0.6884 | 1.3304 | 1.7341 | 2.1009 | 2.5524 |
19 | -2.5395 | -2.0930 | -1.7291 | -1.3277 | -0.6876 | 0 | 0.6876 | 1.3277 | 1.7291 | 2.0930 | 2.5395 |
20 | -2.5280 | -2.0860 | -1.7247 | -1.3253 | -0.6870 | 0 | 0.6870 | 1.3253 | 1.7247 | 2.0860 | 2.5280 |
21 | -2.5176 | -2.0796 | -1.7207 | -1.3232 | -0.6864 | 0 | 0.6864 | 1.3232 | 1.7207 | 2.0796 | 2.5176 |
22 | -2.5083 | -2.0739 | -1.7171 | -1.3212 | -0.6858 | 0 | 0.6858 | 1.3212 | 1.7171 | 2.0739 | 2.5083 |
23 | -2.4999 | -2.0687 | -1.7139 | -1.3195 | -0.6853 | 0 | 0.6853 | 1.3195 | 1.7139 | 2.0687 | 2.4999 |
24 | -2.4922 | -2.0639 | -1.7109 | -1.3178 | -0.6848 | 0 | 0.6848 | 1.3178 | 1.7109 | 2.0639 | 2.4922 |
25 | -2.4851 | -2.0595 | -1.7081 | -1.3163 | -0.6844 | 0 | 0.6844 | 1.3163 | 1.7081 | 2.0595 | 2.4851 |
26 | -2.4786 | -2.0555 | -1.7056 | -1.3150 | -0.6840 | 0 | 0.6840 | 1.3150 | 1.7056 | 2.0555 | 2.4786 |
27 | -2.4727 | -2.0518 | -1.7033 | -1.3137 | -0.6837 | 0 | 0.6837 | 1.3137 | 1.7033 | 2.0518 | 2.4727 |
28 | -2.4671 | -2.0484 | -1.7011 | -1.3125 | -0.6834 | 0 | 0.6834 | 1.3125 | 1.7011 | 2.0484 | 2.4671 |
29 | -2.4620 | -2.0452 | -1.6991 | -1.3114 | -0.6830 | 0 | 0.6830 | 1.3114 | 1.6991 | 2.0452 | 2.4620 |
30 | -2.4573 | -2.0423 | -1.6973 | -1.3104 | -0.6828 | 0 | 0.6828 | 1.3104 | 1.6973 | 2.0423 | 2.4573 |
31 | -2.4528 | -2.0395 | -1.6955 | -1.3095 | -0.6825 | 0 | 0.6825 | 1.3095 | 1.6955 | 2.0395 | 2.4528 |
32 | -2.4487 | -2.0369 | -1.6939 | -1.3086 | -0.6822 | 0 | 0.6822 | 1.3086 | 1.6939 | 2.0369 | 2.4487 |
33 | -2.4448 | -2.0345 | -1.6924 | -1.3077 | -0.6820 | 0 | 0.6820 | 1.3077 | 1.6924 | 2.0345 | 2.4448 |
34 | -2.4411 | -2.0322 | -1.6909 | -1.3070 | -0.6818 | 0 | 0.6818 | 1.3070 | 1.6909 | 2.0322 | 2.4411 |
35 | -2.4377 | -2.0301 | -1.6896 | -1.3062 | -0.6816 | 0 | 0.6816 | 1.3062 | 1.6896 | 2.0301 | 2.4377 |
36 | -2.4345 | -2.0281 | -1.6883 | -1.3055 | -0.6814 | 0 | 0.6814 | 1.3055 | 1.6883 | 2.0281 | 2.4345 |
37 | -2.4314 | -2.0262 | -1.6871 | -1.3049 | -0.6812 | 0 | 0.6812 | 1.3049 | 1.6871 | 2.0262 | 2.4314 |
38 | -2.4286 | -2.0244 | -1.6860 | -1.3042 | -0.6810 | 0 | 0.6810 | 1.3042 | 1.6860 | 2.0244 | 2.4286 |
39 | -2.4258 | -2.0227 | -1.6849 | -1.3036 | -0.6808 | 0 | 0.6808 | 1.3036 | 1.6849 | 2.0227 | 2.4258 |
40 | -2.4233 | -2.0211 | -1.6839 | -1.3031 | -0.6807 | 0 | 0.6807 | 1.3031 | 1.6839 | 2.0211 | 2.4233 |
41 | -2.4208 | -2.0195 | -1.6829 | -1.3025 | -0.6805 | 0 | 0.6805 | 1.3025 | 1.6829 | 2.0195 | 2.4208 |
42 | -2.4185 | -2.0181 | -1.6820 | -1.3020 | -0.6804 | 0 | 0.6804 | 1.3020 | 1.6820 | 2.0181 | 2.4185 |
43 | -2.4163 | -2.0167 | -1.6811 | -1.3016 | -0.6802 | 0 | 0.6802 | 1.3016 | 1.6811 | 2.0167 | 2.4163 |
44 | -2.4141 | -2.0154 | -1.6802 | -1.3011 | -0.6801 | 0 | 0.6801 | 1.3011 | 1.6802 | 2.0154 | 2.4141 |
45 | -2.4121 | -2.0141 | -1.6794 | -1.3006 | -0.6800 | 0 | 0.6800 | 1.3006 | 1.6794 | 2.0141 | 2.4121 |
46 | -2.4102 | -2.0129 | -1.6787 | -1.3002 | -0.6799 | 0 | 0.6799 | 1.3002 | 1.6787 | 2.0129 | 2.4102 |
47 | -2.4083 | -2.0117 | -1.6779 | -1.2998 | -0.6797 | 0 | 0.6797 | 1.2998 | 1.6779 | 2.0117 | 2.4083 |
48 | -2.4066 | -2.0106 | -1.6772 | -1.2994 | -0.6796 | 0 | 0.6796 | 1.2994 | 1.6772 | 2.0106 | 2.4066 |
49 | -2.4049 | -2.0096 | -1.6766 | -1.2991 | -0.6795 | 0 | 0.6795 | 1.2991 | 1.6766 | 2.0096 | 2.4049 |
50 | -2.4033 | -2.0086 | -1.6759 | -1.2987 | -0.6794 | 0 | 0.6794 | 1.2987 | 1.6759 | 2.0086 | 2.4033 |
51 | -2.4017 | -2.0076 | -1.6753 | -1.2984 | -0.6793 | 0 | 0.6793 | 1.2984 | 1.6753 | 2.0076 | 2.4017 |
52 | -2.4002 | -2.0066 | -1.6747 | -1.2980 | -0.6792 | 0 | 0.6792 | 1.2980 | 1.6747 | 2.0066 | 2.4002 |
53 | -2.3988 | -2.0057 | -1.6741 | -1.2977 | -0.6791 | 0 | 0.6791 | 1.2977 | 1.6741 | 2.0057 | 2.3988 |
54 | -2.3974 | -2.0049 | -1.6736 | -1.2974 | -0.6791 | 0 | 0.6791 | 1.2974 | 1.6736 | 2.0049 | 2.3974 |
55 | -2.3961 | -2.0040 | -1.6730 | -1.2971 | -0.6790 | 0 | 0.6790 | 1.2971 | 1.6730 | 2.0040 | 2.3961 |
56 | -2.3948 | -2.0032 | -1.6725 | -1.2969 | -0.6789 | 0 | 0.6789 | 1.2969 | 1.6725 | 2.0032 | 2.3948 |
57 | -2.3936 | -2.0025 | -1.6720 | -1.2966 | -0.6788 | 0 | 0.6788 | 1.2966 | 1.6720 | 2.0025 | 2.3936 |
58 | -2.3924 | -2.0017 | -1.6716 | -1.2963 | -0.6787 | 0 | 0.6787 | 1.2963 | 1.6716 | 2.0017 | 2.3924 |
59 | -2.3912 | -2.0010 | -1.6711 | -1.2961 | -0.6787 | 0 | 0.6787 | 1.2961 | 1.6711 | 2.0010 | 2.3912 |
60 | -2.3901 | -2.0003 | -1.6706 | -1.2958 | -0.6786 | 0 | 0.6786 | 1.2958 | 1.6706 | 2.0003 | 2.3901 |
61 | -2.3890 | -1.9996 | -1.6702 | -1.2956 | -0.6785 | 0 | 0.6785 | 1.2956 | 1.6702 | 1.9996 | 2.3890 |
62 | -2.3880 | -1.9990 | -1.6698 | -1.2954 | -0.6785 | 0 | 0.6785 | 1.2954 | 1.6698 | 1.9990 | 2.3880 |
63 | -2.3870 | -1.9983 | -1.6694 | -1.2951 | -0.6784 | 0 | 0.6784 | 1.2951 | 1.6694 | 1.9983 | 2.3870 |
64 | -2.3860 | -1.9977 | -1.6690 | -1.2949 | -0.6783 | 0 | 0.6783 | 1.2949 | 1.6690 | 1.9977 | 2.3860 |
65 | -2.3851 | -1.9971 | -1.6686 | -1.2947 | -0.6783 | 0 | 0.6783 | 1.2947 | 1.6686 | 1.9971 | 2.3851 |
66 | -2.3842 | -1.9966 | -1.6683 | -1.2945 | -0.6782 | 0 | 0.6782 | 1.2945 | 1.6683 | 1.9966 | 2.3842 |
67 | -2.3833 | -1.9960 | -1.6679 | -1.2943 | -0.6782 | 0 | 0.6782 | 1.2943 | 1.6679 | 1.9960 | 2.3833 |
68 | -2.3824 | -1.9955 | -1.6676 | -1.2941 | -0.6781 | 0 | 0.6781 | 1.2941 | 1.6676 | 1.9955 | 2.3824 |
69 | -2.3816 | -1.9949 | -1.6672 | -1.2939 | -0.6781 | 0 | 0.6781 | 1.2939 | 1.6672 | 1.9949 | 2.3816 |
70 | -2.3808 | -1.9944 | -1.6669 | -1.2938 | -0.6780 | 0 | 0.6780 | 1.2938 | 1.6669 | 1.9944 | 2.3808 |
71 | -2.3800 | -1.9939 | -1.6666 | -1.2936 | -0.6780 | 0 | 0.6780 | 1.2936 | 1.6666 | 1.9939 | 2.3800 |
72 | -2.3793 | -1.9935 | -1.6663 | -1.2934 | -0.6779 | 0 | 0.6779 | 1.2934 | 1.6663 | 1.9935 | 2.3793 |
73 | -2.3785 | -1.9930 | -1.6660 | -1.2933 | -0.6779 | 0 | 0.6779 | 1.2933 | 1.6660 | 1.9930 | 2.3785 |
74 | -2.3778 | -1.9925 | -1.6657 | -1.2931 | -0.6778 | 0 | 0.6778 | 1.2931 | 1.6657 | 1.9925 | 2.3778 |
75 | -2.3771 | -1.9921 | -1.6654 | -1.2929 | -0.6778 | 0 | 0.6778 | 1.2929 | 1.6654 | 1.9921 | 2.3771 |
76 | -2.3764 | -1.9917 | -1.6652 | -1.2928 | -0.6777 | 0 | 0.6777 | 1.2928 | 1.6652 | 1.9917 | 2.3764 |
77 | -2.3758 | -1.9913 | -1.6649 | -1.2926 | -0.6777 | 0 | 0.6777 | 1.2926 | 1.6649 | 1.9913 | 2.3758 |
78 | -2.3751 | -1.9908 | -1.6646 | -1.2925 | -0.6776 | 0 | 0.6776 | 1.2925 | 1.6646 | 1.9908 | 2.3751 |
79 | -2.3745 | -1.9905 | -1.6644 | -1.2924 | -0.6776 | 0 | 0.6776 | 1.2924 | 1.6644 | 1.9905 | 2.3745 |
80 | -2.3739 | -1.9901 | -1.6641 | -1.2922 | -0.6776 | 0 | 0.6776 | 1.2922 | 1.6641 | 1.9901 | 2.3739 |
81 | -2.3733 | -1.9897 | -1.6639 | -1.2921 | -0.6775 | 0 | 0.6775 | 1.2921 | 1.6639 | 1.9897 | 2.3733 |
82 | -2.3727 | -1.9893 | -1.6636 | -1.2920 | -0.6775 | 0 | 0.6775 | 1.2920 | 1.6636 | 1.9893 | 2.3727 |
83 | -2.3721 | -1.9890 | -1.6634 | -1.2918 | -0.6775 | 0 | 0.6775 | 1.2918 | 1.6634 | 1.9890 | 2.3721 |
84 | -2.3716 | -1.9886 | -1.6632 | -1.2917 | -0.6774 | 0 | 0.6774 | 1.2917 | 1.6632 | 1.9886 | 2.3716 |
85 | -2.3710 | -1.9883 | -1.6630 | -1.2916 | -0.6774 | 0 | 0.6774 | 1.2916 | 1.6630 | 1.9883 | 2.3710 |
86 | -2.3705 | -1.9879 | -1.6628 | -1.2915 | -0.6774 | 0 | 0.6774 | 1.2915 | 1.6628 | 1.9879 | 2.3705 |
87 | -2.3700 | -1.9876 | -1.6626 | -1.2914 | -0.6773 | 0 | 0.6773 | 1.2914 | 1.6626 | 1.9876 | 2.3700 |
88 | -2.3695 | -1.9873 | -1.6624 | -1.2912 | -0.6773 | 0 | 0.6773 | 1.2912 | 1.6624 | 1.9873 | 2.3695 |
89 | -2.3690 | -1.9870 | -1.6622 | -1.2911 | -0.6773 | 0 | 0.6773 | 1.2911 | 1.6622 | 1.9870 | 2.3690 |
90 | -2.3685 | -1.9867 | -1.6620 | -1.2910 | -0.6772 | 0 | 0.6772 | 1.2910 | 1.6620 | 1.9867 | 2.3685 |
91 | -2.3680 | -1.9864 | -1.6618 | -1.2909 | -0.6772 | 0 | 0.6772 | 1.2909 | 1.6618 | 1.9864 | 2.3680 |
92 | -2.3676 | -1.9861 | -1.6616 | -1.2908 | -0.6772 | 0 | 0.6772 | 1.2908 | 1.6616 | 1.9861 | 2.3676 |
93 | -2.3671 | -1.9858 | -1.6614 | -1.2907 | -0.6771 | 0 | 0.6771 | 1.2907 | 1.6614 | 1.9858 | 2.3671 |
94 | -2.3667 | -1.9855 | -1.6612 | -1.2906 | -0.6771 | 0 | 0.6771 | 1.2906 | 1.6612 | 1.9855 | 2.3667 |
95 | -2.3662 | -1.9853 | -1.6611 | -1.2905 | -0.6771 | 0 | 0.6771 | 1.2905 | 1.6611 | 1.9853 | 2.3662 |
96 | -2.3658 | -1.9850 | -1.6609 | -1.2904 | -0.6771 | 0 | 0.6771 | 1.2904 | 1.6609 | 1.9850 | 2.3658 |
97 | -2.3654 | -1.9847 | -1.6607 | -1.2903 | -0.6770 | 0 | 0.6770 | 1.2903 | 1.6607 | 1.9847 | 2.3654 |
98 | -2.3650 | -1.9845 | -1.6606 | -1.2902 | -0.6770 | 0 | 0.6770 | 1.2902 | 1.6606 | 1.9845 | 2.3650 |
99 | -2.3646 | -1.9842 | -1.6604 | -1.2902 | -0.6770 | 0 | 0.6770 | 1.2902 | 1.6604 | 1.9842 | 2.3646 |
100 | -2.3642 | -1.9840 | -1.6602 | -1.2901 | -0.6770 | 0 | 0.6770 | 1.2901 | 1.6602 | 1.9840 | 2.3642 |
Footnotes
Luhmann, M. (2020). R für Einsteiger. Beltz.↩︎